|||| Light over the Picture
Like how we humans use different sets of rules and schema to communicate and interact with other human beings, similarly, computers also need a common ground, a common understanding to understand each other over a network. So a computer uses a particular set of instructions, schema designed to communicate and make data exchange possible with other computers over a network.
This TCP/IP model is most widely in use in the Internet dealing with the World Wide Web. however, Else, it would have been a complete mess.
|||| Protocols and TCP/IP model
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol which is basically a set of strict instructions/schema build to make computers interact in a network like the Internet. This can be related to protocols used by humans like Morse code, Two-way Radio protocol and so on.
|||| Applications:
This protocol is widely in use in client-server models over the Internet, in the World Wide Web, Email, File transfer, peer to peer file sharing, streaming media like Netflix, YouTube and many more. TCP is still dominantly in race for the web as for HTTP protocols. It is prefer for its more accuracy rather than the time taken for data exchange.
|||| How it Works?
There are different computers all across the world, at different locations, different local addresses which are connect to each other on the internet. The connection happens in a pair and the data is send or collect by in the network connection.
To understand how TCP/IP works, Let’s first get to know what does TCP and IP means:
- Internet Protocol (IP) layer gathers the address of the computer in the network where data needs to be sent. This acts as the bottom layer of TCP/IP and collects the address
- Transmission Control Protocol layer is the top layer in TCP/IP which is responsible for data transfer after knowing the IP address. It consists of layers with different roles to transfer the data in data packets, routing configuration and others
TCP/IP model breaks the data message into small data packets and these packets are then transfer over the network and get reassemble at the end destination of that network. This makes sure that the data tried to be sent is reached completely and accurately and the data packets individually can get routed to a different path or gateway if the current path has been broken or gets unavailable.
This provides a lot of flexibility. Otherwise, if any problem occurs, the data would start from the initial stage. TCP/IP offers dedicated layers which are divided on the basis of different communication tasks and data goes in these layers.
The data packet again goes through these layers in reverse order. however, once it reaches to the location and gets reassembled into whole data and is received by the computer.
TCP/IP Layer Architecture
|||| Link Layer – also called as Physical layer,
Network Interface layer used to physically collect and receive data, interconnecting nodes
|||| Internet Layer – also called as Network layer
mainly handles the transmission of data packets, routing of gateways, handles error in the transmission of data packets and fragmentation of data packets
|||| Transport Layer – takes care of host-to-host
communication, analyze the data packets received and acknowledge the same from the end host.
|||| Application Layer – provides the interfaces and
protocols needed by the users consists of applications with which users interact with.
SUMMARY
however, This is what the TCP/IP model looks like. It is one of the most widely used protocols in today’s world.
Written by: Giriraj Gautam
Reviewed by: Batta Pruthvi
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