IoT In Self-Driving Vehicles

A Self-driving vehicle is any vehicle that allows it to accelerate, brake, and steer with no driver.

 Self-Driving vehicles are divided into two types: – 

1. semi-autonomous.

Semi-autonomous cars can be useful because they can accelerate, and can be stopped automatically, and maintain the speed when a car is in front of it.

2. fully autonomous.    

A fully autonomous vehicle can also drive from point A to point B without needing any interaction from the driver. so, It is expected and believed that this type of car will debut in the 2019/2020 timeframe. 

The Idea Behind IoT In Self-Driving Vehicles

So the idea behind the self-driving Vehicles is that many people die in a car accident and the significant factor happens by the human factor so if we can use the self-driving car we can significantly reduce the amount of accidents happening around the world. So no one has to instruct whether you have to turn right or left. so, The car automatically identifies the right and the safest possible route for you.

Levels In the Self Driving Vehicles

The National Society of Automotive Engineers thus describes the five levels of intelligence and automation capabilities in the Self Driving car.

1. Adaptive cruise control

Adaptive cruise control is however an intelligent form of cruise control that helps in automatic speed control if a vehicle is in front of you. 

2. Partial Automation

At this level, the driver needs to pay some attention to the car as it can also be stopped if something unusual happens on the road and if the car is not able to train for that. So the driver should prepare to put hands in steering. But the advantage of having this system is that the car can change the lane itself.

3. Conditional Automation

At this level, the car can be cease automatically. So if something unusual happens on the road and the car is not able to train for that so it will stop the automation process.

4. High Automation

So in High Automation, the driver doesn’t need to pay attention to the surroundings. So it could be pretty useful as we can invest that time in something more useful. 

5. Fully Automated Driverless Car

So a Fully Automated Driverless Car is pretty much the same as the high Automated Car but the majority difference is that it can take full responsibility, it can handle all the scenarios on the road.

SOME TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR AUTONOMOUS CARS

Several wireless technologies can be used for autonomous cars, such as 4G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc., but the two most suitable ones with the lowest latency are:

1. DSRC (Dedicated short-range communications)

DSRC is a wireless communication that allows two-way very high data transmission. thus, DSRC can take 75 MHz of spectrum around the 5.9 GHz band. 

It is a potential technology for transportation systems, such as smarter infrastructure, driver-assisted vehicles, and autonomous driving features. We can consider DSRC a rival to 5G, but in autonomous cars, redundancy is a must and therefore DSRC can serve as a backup technology to 5G. DSRC can coexist with 5G. 

2. 5G (5^th Generation) (Cellular  Communication) 

5G expects to have very low latency and which will be able to compete with DSRC in terms of latency. although, 5G technology has a scope that can be used for vehicle to vehicle communication, infotainment instead of 4G, radio modules and spectrum (instead of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth), reporting the technical problems of the cars to the manufacturers and enabling them to update vehicle firmware, etc. 

The advantage of 5G over DSRC is that 5G can run over existing infrastructure, though cellular station upgrades are in need, while DSRC will require new roadside stations and new infrastructure. 

3. Radar

The radar transmits radio waves that reflect from objects and returns back by these you can measure distance and the speed using the Doppler shifts.

Advantages of radar are:-

1. Costs.
2. It does well in extreme weather.
3. Low resolution.

Advantages Of Automated Cars:-

The advantages of automated cars are: 

1. Improvements in safety on the roads.

2. Without driver mistakes, there will be fewer crashes likely none.

3. There were nearly 1 Lakh deaths on India’s roads in 2013 where 80% of accidents were due to human error.

Source of image: click here

4. Better mobility for young, elderly, and disabled.

5.  Provide independent mobility for non-drivers.

6.  Improvement of road congestions.

7.  Traffic problems could be reduced and congestion decreased.

8.  Drivers can spend their time doing something else and more useful.

Written by: Yogendra Singh Rawat

Reviewed by: Batta Pruthvi

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